Paper Number
BB7
Session
Biomaterials and Biofluid Dynamics
Title
Measurements and modeling of interspecies hemorheology and hemodynamics
Presentation Date and Time
October 21, 2019 (Monday) 1:55
Track / Room
Track 6 / Room 306B
Authors
- Horner, Jeffrey S. (University of Delaware, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering)
- Lin, Yu-Jiun (University of Delaware, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering)
- Beris, Antony N. (University of Delaware, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering)
- Wagner, Norman J. (University of Delaware, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering)
Author and Affiliation Lines
Jeffrey S. Horner, Yu-Jiun Lin, Antony N. Beris, and Norman J. Wagner
Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
Speaker / Presenter
Horner, Jeffrey S.
Text of Abstract
Across species, blood is universally a complex suspension primarily composed of red blood cells (RBCs) suspended in an aqueous plasma with several dissolved proteins. Compared to order of magnitude changes in body mass and unique anatomies, the composition of blood and the constituent sizes remain relatively constant across species. Interestingly, key aspects of the shear rheology of blood vary substantially across species. For example, blood from species such as chickens, cows, and sheep, exhibits minor shear thinning and viscoelasticity at higher shear rates arising from RBC deformation. However, for other species such as humans, pigs, and horses, the RBCs form rouleaux, which gives rise to pronounced pseudoplasticity, viscoelasticity, and thixotropy at low shear rates. Under Poiseuille flow, blood from these species also exhibits inhomogeneities such as the Fahraeus and Fahraeus-Lindqvist effects, corresponding to a decrease in the local hematocrit and viscosity, respectively. We present new measurements of steady and transient rheology for blood from various species using recently developed protocols that ensure accurate in vitro measurements of blood. Complementary to this, we present optical measurements of blood flow through a microfluidic device designed to study inhomogeneities and visualize the state of RBC aggregation. Using the rheological profile, we fit a previously established model for transient human blood rheology and determine the dependence of the model parameters on species. The model is subsequently used in combination with multiphase CFD simulations to reproduce the full inhomogeneous flow profile in the microfluidic device. Through this analysis, we elucidate and quantify the rheological changes in blood across species to understand the physical and evolutionary origins of these variations and identify allometric scalings. Additionally, we offer a computationally inexpensive way to simulate blood flow for a variety of common species, which can be valuable for clinical drug scaleup.